Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/system/core/Exceptions.php on line 75

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 396

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 294

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 168

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 237

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 289

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$pagination is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 17
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Website_model::$currentLang is deprecated

Filename: core/SelfModel.php

Line Number: 15

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfModel.php
Line: 15
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/models/Website_model.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 52
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$Website_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 52
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: News_model::getList(): Optional parameter $search declared before required parameter $perPage is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/News_model.php

Line Number: 10

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 53
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property News_model::$currentLang is deprecated

Filename: core/SelfModel.php

Line Number: 15

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfModel.php
Line: 15
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/models/News_model.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 53
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$News_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 53
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Paper_model::getList(): Optional parameter $search declared before required parameter $perPage is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/Paper_model.php

Line Number: 10

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 54
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Paper_model::$currentLang is deprecated

Filename: core/SelfModel.php

Line Number: 15

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfModel.php
Line: 15
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/models/Paper_model.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 54
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$Paper_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 54
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Product_model::getList(): Optional parameter $search declared before required parameter $perPage is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/Product_model.php

Line Number: 10

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 55
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Product_model::$currentLang is deprecated

Filename: core/SelfModel.php

Line Number: 15

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfModel.php
Line: 15
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/models/Product_model.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 55
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Index::$Product_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/core/SelfController.php
Line: 55
Function: model

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/application/controllers/Index.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home/websi113/case/germark.com.tw/germark.php
Line: 320
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

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微菌新知

一般
血糖失控? 綠花椰菜來助攻!
  • 2025-10-16

【💬 背景介紹】 ✅ 糖尿病已是一個全球性的公衛問題。 ✅ 雖然糖尿病前期 (prediabetes) 患者可控制血糖，但仍有機會繼續惡化。 ✅ 二甲雙胍 (metformin) 是常用的控血糖藥物，不過有導致腸道菌紊亂的副作用，且 30% 患者無反應；因此，找出 metformin 以外的治療方式相當重要。 ✅ 已知綠花椰菜富含的蘿蔔硫素 (sulforaphane) 可以控制血糖。   【💬 研究目標】 📢 綠花椰菜芽萃取物 (broccoli sprout extract;

一般
Roseburia hominis，又一新抗肥胖菌種
  • 2025-05-23

【💬 背景介紹】 ✅ 肥胖人口逐年增加，已成為全球公衛問題。 ✅ 除了 Akkermansia muciniphila，Roseburia hominis 也被發現與瘦者腸道相關，具有抗肥胖潛力。 ✅ R. hominis 被歸類為次世代益生菌，或許能提高減重效果。   【💬 研究材料方法】 ✅ 香港與美國 MetaCardis 腸道菌相資料。 ✅ 實驗中使用 R. hominis 標準株 A2–183 (DSM 16839)，以下簡稱 Rh 菌。 ✅ 進行小鼠實驗，觀察效果，也
一般
同樣是 Akk，怎麼效果不一樣?
  • 2025-05-16

【💬 背景介紹】 ✅ 工業化與都市化的生活方式造成了腸道菌的「現代化」。 ✅ 現代化的腸道菌與人類慢性病發生密切相關。 ✅ 抗生素是腸道菌現代化的因素之一，不僅殺菌，也會改變腸道菌相、改變免疫力。 ✅ 抗生素也可能篩出攜帶突變的菌株，在基因層次影響相關代謝。   【💬 研究材料】 ✅ 以 Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) 為實驗菌種。 ✅ Akk 菌株 HM1 來自一位 24 歲健康韓國女性；另一株是標準株 MucT。 ✅ 用盤尼西林進行 Akk 的篩
一般
又一個腸道菌抗癌分子
  • 2025-05-02

【💬 背景介紹】 ✅ 已知產生酯多醣 (lipopolysaccharide，LPS) 的腸道菌會降低免疫療法的療效。 ✅ 不同菌會產生不同結構的 LPS，也有不同的免疫刺激效果。 ✅ 六醯化 LPS (hexa-acylated LPS) 會活化免疫反應。 ✅ 五醯化 (penta-) 和四醯化 (tetra-acylated) LPS 則會拮抗六醯化 LPS 的免疫活化。   【💬 研究材料】 ✅ 黑色素瘤患者接受 anti-PD1 治療後的糞便 metagenome。 ✅

一般
維他命D與腸道菌聯手抗癌?
  • 2025-03-07

Group-specific component (Gc) globulin是體內維他命D(VitD)主要的結合蛋白，可調節體內的VitD吸收與利用；如果剔除Gc(-/-)，則可增加腸道中游離的VitD。 實驗發現，Gc(-/-)剔除小鼠身上的腫瘤生長有被顯著抑制；若搭配免疫檢查點抑制劑，Gc(-/-)小鼠更能抑制腫瘤。 接著，WT小鼠無論是(1)與Gc(-/-)剔除小鼠共籠(co-housing)、(2)接受Gc(−/−)剔除小鼠糞便移植，都展現出更強的腫瘤免疫力，證明VitD的效果與腸道
一般
Blautia分泌短酸保護腸道
  • 2025-02-07

本研究招募67位中年健康者，透過高纖飲食的調整，讓腸道菌相改變。 使用健康參數與菌相改變程度，找出對於高纖飲食最有反應的五位受試者；使用混合糞便(pooled stool)進行小鼠FMT實驗，發現高纖飲食會顯著促進mucus生長速率，但與黏液蛋白基因(Muc2)表現無關。 菌相分析發現Blautia的含量與mucus生長速率顯著正相關。 使用Blautia標準株Blautia coccoids(Bc)進行動物實驗，發現Bc會促進腸道黏液層生長速率、降低致病菌感染、增加黏液層短酸含量。 代
一般
口腔壞菌促進胃癌
  • 2025-01-03

先前研究從各種胃病階段(表淺性胃炎、萎縮性胃炎、胃腸上皮化生到胃癌)且非幽門螺旋桿菌(Helicobacter pylori，簡稱Hp)感染帶原的病人胃中發現有5種口腔菌，普遍出現在病人胃黏膜中，包括Peptostreptococcus stomatis、Streptococcus anginosus、Parvimonas micra、Slackia exigua與Dialister pneumosintes。 進一步動物實驗發現，咽峽炎鏈球菌(Streptococcus anginosus，
一般
分解膽固醇的腸道菌
  • 2024-12-27

本研究對弗雷明漢心臟研究隊列(FHS)的1429人進行了糞便shotgun metagenome和untargeted metabolome分析，探索腸道菌中可能代謝膽固醇的菌株，或許可以促進預防心血管疾病(CVD)。 分析發現Oscillibacter與菌相多樣性有正相關；高多樣性則與低血脂、低空腹血糖正相關；多樣性越高，膽固醇下游產物種類越多，包含脂肪醯基、苯酚、類固醇、異戊烯醇脂質等，暗示膽固醇代謝能力高)。 根據ismA基因(可分解膽固醇)的有無，發現ismA+的檢體，糞便膽固醇含量
一般
慢性B肝會受到腸道菌的影響
  • 2024-12-20

本篇招募了免疫活躍(immune active)與免疫耐受(immune tolerant)的B肝患者，分析腸道菌相與代謝體，以研究腸道菌對B型肝炎的影響。 相對於免疫活耀(immune active)患者正在經歷清除B肝病毒的過程，免疫耐受的B肝患者體內B肝病毒增殖活躍，但由於宿主免疫系統無法識別病毒抗原而被「耐受」。 研究發現，腸道中的活潑瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcus gnavus，簡稱Rg)與Akk菌(Akkermansia muciniphila，簡稱Akk)的數量在B肝患者腸
一般
腸道菌是促成膽汁酸多樣性的關鍵
  • 2024-10-04

腸道菌可以合成許多種類的結合型膽汁酸，統稱為微生物結合膽汁酸(microbially conjugated bile acids，MCBA)；其中腸道菌攜帶的膽鹽水解酶(bile acids hydrolase/transferase，BSH/T)是主要關鍵酵素，可將不同氨基酸結合至各類膽酸上，增加MCBA多樣性。 進一步研究發現，BSH/T酵素蛋白序列會影響氨基酸的偏好，使得腸道菌也有不同的MCBA合成能力；由於MCBA也具備抗菌的效果，因此腸道菌組成除了會影響各種膽汁酸的種類與比例，也會間
一般
有效無效? 癌症治療特徵菌群可能取決於免疫療法
  • 2024-09-27

本研究招募了三種罕見癌症、共106位病患，接受了兩種免疫檢查點抑制劑的組合治療(combined immune checkpoint blockade，CICB)，透過治療前的基礎腸道菌相(baseline)，分析腸道菌相與免疫療法可能的關聯性。 若以最佳治療效果(best overall response，BOR)來分組，基礎腸道菌相多樣性越高、血中albumin濃度都正比治療效果。 用菌相來預測response/remission(R)、progression(P)，則以strain效果
一般
黑色素瘤免疫療法的腸菌研究
  • 2024-09-20

本研究招募了175位晚期黑色素瘤患者，分析了他們接受免疫檢查點抑制劑(immune checkpoint blockade，ICB)治療後的腸道菌相metagenome時間序列變化。 以無惡化存活期(progression free survival，PFS)12個月為標準，在治療有效患者(PFS≥12)與無效患者(PFS 以4個時間點(T0、T1、T2、T3)皆持續高含量的條件，篩選出5個SGB在PFS≥12的患者中較多、4個SGB在PFS PFS≥12持續含量多的菌種包括：Agatho

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